feat: local Keycloak mock + backend auth env wiring

[vredchenko]

Motivation

Two things had to land together:

1. The frontend Keycloak integration in Add Keycloak authentication to smartem app smartem-frontend#74 had no local-dev story — http://localhost:5173 isn't in the SmartEM client's redirect URIs on identity-test.diamond.ac.uk, and getting it added is an admin round-trip per port and per developer.
2. Once DiamondLightSource/smartem-decisions starts validating Bearer tokens, the backend ConfigMap and dev-k8s.sh need to carry the same KEYCLOAK_* settings so the pod can fetch JWKS in-cluster.

This PR covers both: a self-contained Keycloak mock for the frontend, and the env-wiring that lets the backend point at it (or at the real DLS realm in staging) without YAML surgery.

What's included

Self-contained Keycloak mock (keycloak-mock/)

Two equivalent deployment forms, both reading from one realm export:

• dls-realm.json — single source of truth. Realm dls, public client SmartEM with PKCE S256, localhost:5173 and localhost:5174 in redirect URIs and Web Origins, custom fedId claim mapper to mirror DLS realm claims, two seeded users (devuser/devpass, valuser/valpass).
• docker-compose.yml — Compose form, fastest standalone cycle (~20 s).
• keycloak.yaml + kustomization.yaml — Kubernetes Deployment + Services + kustomize configMapGenerator for the realm JSON.

The Kustomize form is wired into k8s/environments/development/kustomization.yaml, so ./scripts/k8s/dev-k8s.sh up brings up Keycloak alongside Postgres, RabbitMQ, etc. The Compose form is independent and useful when only the frontend is needed.

Backend Keycloak env wiring

smartem-config ConfigMap (both development and staging overlays) gains:

• KEYCLOAK_AUTH_REQUIRED — master switch consumed by the backend (defaults: false in dev, true in staging)
• KEYCLOAK_URL — dev points at http://keycloak-service:8080 (in-cluster DNS); staging points at https://identity-test.diamond.ac.uk
• KEYCLOAK_REALM, KEYCLOAK_CLIENT_ID, KEYCLOAK_VERIFY_ISS

Dev has KEYCLOAK_VERIFY_ISS=false because tokens are minted with the browser-facing URL (localhost:30090) while the pod reaches Keycloak via in-cluster DNS — signing key is identical but iss strings differ. Staging has iss verification on.

dev-k8s.sh ensure_app_configmap() reads the five vars from the environment and bakes them into the dynamically-generated ConfigMap. Operators only need to edit .env.k8s.<env> — corresponding examples in env-examples/ are updated.

Port-conflict fix (fix(keycloak-mock): move NodePort to 30090)

The development environment's smartem-http-api-service already claimed NodePort 30080. Applying the dev kustomization with the keycloak mock therefore failed with a port conflict. Moved keycloak-external to 30090 and updated the three doc references.

Docs

• docs/development/local-keycloak.md — full how-to (when to use which form, how to point the frontend at it, how to edit the realm, limits and non-goals).
• docs/development/index.md — added to the TOC.
• docs/architecture/keycloak-spa-authentication.md — "Local development" pointer + corrected the smartem-frontend → SmartEM client-name discrepancy.

Quick start

# Compose form (frontend only)
cd keycloak-mock && docker compose up -d

# Or k3s form (along with the rest of the dev stack)
./scripts/k8s/dev-k8s.sh up

Then in smartem-frontend/apps/smartem/.env.local:

VITE_KEYCLOAK_URL=http://localhost:30090
VITE_KEYCLOAK_REALM=dls
VITE_KEYCLOAK_CLIENT_ID=SmartEM
VITE_AUTH_ENABLED=true

Log in as devuser / devpass.

Verified end-to-end

The full chain — SPA -> Keycloak -> SPA with token -> backend /acquisitions -> backend validates JWT against keycloak-service:8080 JWKS -> 200 + payload — runs cleanly on a local single-node k3s with all three branches applied (#74, this PR, smartem-decisions feat/keycloak-jwt-validation).

Test plan

• kubectl kustomize keycloak-mock builds cleanly
• kubectl kustomize k8s/environments/development builds cleanly with Keycloak and KEYCLOAK_* envs included
• docker compose up -d in keycloak-mock/ imports the dls realm and exposes the admin console at http://localhost:8080
• ./scripts/k8s/dev-k8s.sh up brings Keycloak up alongside the rest of the stack, reachable at http://<node-ip>:30090
• Frontend (Add Keycloak authentication to smartem app smartem-frontend#74 with its silent-SSO and gate fixes) logs in via the mock and the account menu shows the user identity
• Backend pod with KEYCLOAK_AUTH_REQUIRED=true fetches JWKS from http://keycloak-service:8080 and accepts a real devuser token