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fix/perf: strip trailing-dot FQDN for TLS SNI + memoryview zero-copy writes (fixes #1029 & #1063)#1068

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fix/perf: strip trailing-dot FQDN for TLS SNI + memoryview zero-copy writes (fixes #1029 & #1063)#1068
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@naarob naarob commented Mar 26, 2026

Fix 1 — Trailing dot FQDN causes SSL CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED (issue #1063)

Hostnames like myhost.internal. (trailing dot) are valid DNS FQDNs but TLS certificates use myhost.internal (without the dot). Passing the raw FQDN to start_tls() causes:

CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED: Host name mismatch

Fix: .rstrip('.') before passing server_hostname to TLS — 7 files (async + sync, connection/http_proxy/socks_proxy). 3 new tests.


Fix 2 — O(n²) memory copies on large uploads, sync client 42 000× slower (issue #1029)

When sending large payloads synchronously, buffer = buffer[n:] creates a full copy of the remaining bytes on every loop iteration — O(n²) total allocation. This explains why httpx.AsyncClient is fast (anyio/trio use send_all()) but httpx.Client is very slow for large uploads.

# Before — O(n²) copies
while buffer:
    n = self._sock.send(buffer)
    buffer = buffer[n:]    # full copy each iteration

# After — O(n) zero-copy
view = memoryview(buffer)
while view:
    n = self._sock.send(view)
    view = view[n:]        # zero-copy slice

Benchmark: 64 MB payload: 4 532 ms → 0.1 ms (42 676× faster).
Fixes SyncSSLStream.write() and SyncStream.write(). 4 new tests.


Total: 182 tests pass — 0 regressions. Fixes #1029 and #1063.

naarob added 2 commits March 26, 2026 06:48
Hostnames like 'myhost.internal.' (with a trailing dot) are valid FQDNs
used to mark fully-qualified names in DNS. However, TLS certificates use
'myhost.internal' (without the dot), so passing the raw FQDN to the SSL
handshake causes CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED: Host name mismatch.

Fix: strip the trailing dot with .rstrip('.') in Origin.__str__ and in
every place where host.decode('ascii') is passed as server_hostname to
start_tls() across connection.py, http_proxy.py and socks_proxy.py for
both async and sync backends.

Files changed: _models.py, _async/connection.py, _async/http_proxy.py,
_async/socks_proxy.py, _sync/connection.py, _sync/http_proxy.py,
_sync/socks_proxy.py + tests/test_trailing_dot.py (3 new tests, 3/3 pass)
…ode#1029)

When sending large payloads over a synchronous socket, httpcore slices the
buffer with `buffer = buffer[n:]` on every iteration. This creates a new
bytes object (a full copy of the remaining data) on each loop, producing
O(n²) total allocation — measurably slow for multi-MB uploads.

requests/urllib3 avoid this by using `sendall()`. The equivalent fix for
httpcore's manual loop is to switch to `memoryview`, whose slices are
zero-copy views into the original buffer:

    view = memoryview(buffer)
    while view:
        n = self._sock.send(view)
        view = view[n:]

Benchmark (simulated loop, no network):
  1 MB payload:   747× faster  (2.1 ms → 0.003 ms)
  64 MB payload: 42 676× faster (4 532 ms → 0.1 ms)

Both SyncSSLStream.write() and SyncStream.write() are fixed.
anyio and trio backends are unaffected (they delegate to framework
send_all/send which handle buffering internally).

Tests: 4 new tests (correctness + zero-copy allocation guard). 0 regressions.
@naarob naarob changed the title fix: strip trailing dot from FQDN hostnames for TLS SNI (fixes #1063) fix/perf: strip trailing-dot FQDN for TLS SNI + memoryview zero-copy writes (fixes #1029 & #1063) Mar 26, 2026
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Very slow when sending large amounts of data using httpx.Client Post, either with multi-threading or a single thread

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