add recipe shape

[tgra]

Type of Change

* [x] New domain file
* [ ] Update existing domain file
* [ ] Documentation only

If updating:

* [ ] New shape
* [ ] Additional constraints (non-breaking)
* [ ] New version of existing shape

---

Domain

Domain file: recipe.ttl
Purpose of domain: describe a recipe, with ref to [schema.org/Recipe](https://schema.org/Recipe)
Intended use cases: recipe collection app - umai by https://noeldemartin.com/ uses https://schema.org/Recipe

---

Shape Details

Shape name(s): RecipeShape, HowToStepShape, NutritionInformationShape

Target class / node: https://schema.org/Recipe


## Shape Change

• [ x] New shape
• New version of existing shape
• Non-breaking constraint addition
• Documentation update

Description:

---

## Immutability Confirmation

• Existing constraints were not modified
• Previously valid data remains valid
• If behaviour changed, a new shape/version was introduced

---

## Examples

### Valid example

```turtle

@prefix schema: <https://schema.org/> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

<#recipe>
    a schema:Recipe ;
    schema:name "Best ever macaroni cheese recipe" ;
    schema:description "Creamy baked macaroni cheese with cheddar, parmesan, mustard, and a crunchy baguette topping." ;
    schema:image <https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/30/2024/09/Best-ever-macaroni-cheese-19c8add.jpg?resize=700,636> ;
    schema:url <https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/best-ever-macaroni-cheese-recipe> ;
    schema:sameAs <https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/best-ever-macaroni-cheese-recipe> ;
    schema:author <https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/> ;
    schema:datePublished "2024-09-01"^^xsd:date ;

    schema:prepTime "PT10M" ;
    schema:cookTime "PT40M" ;
    schema:totalTime "PT50M" ;

    schema:recipeYield "4 servings" ;
    schema:recipeCategory "Main course" ;
    schema:recipeCuisine "British" ;
    schema:keywords "macaroni cheese, pasta bake, comfort food, vegetarian" ;
    schema:cookingMethod "Baking" ;
    schema:suitableForDiet <https://schema.org/VegetarianDiet> ;

    schema:recipeIngredient
        "500ml whole milk",
        "350g spiral pasta",
        "250g mature cheddar cheese, grated",
        "50g baguette, cut into chunks",
        "50g parmesan cheese, grated",
        "3 tbsp plain flour",
        "2 tbsp butter plus 1 tbsp melted butter",
        "1 tsp English mustard powder",
        "1 garlic clove, finely chopped" ;

    schema:recipeInstructions
        <#step1>,
        <#step2>,
        <#step3>,
        <#step4>,
        <#step5>,
        <#step6>,
        <#step7> ;

    schema:tool
        "Saucepan",
        "Baking dish",
        "Whisk",
        "Oven" ;

    schema:supply
        "Baking paper",
        "Wooden spoon" ;

    schema:nutrition <#nutrition> .

<#step1>
    a schema:HowToStep ;
    schema:position 1 ;
    schema:name "Prepare topping" ;
    schema:text "Heat the oven to 200C/180C fan/gas 6. Bake buttered baguette chunks until crisp." .

<#step2>
    a schema:HowToStep ;
    schema:position 2 ;
    schema:name "Cook pasta" ;
    schema:text "Boil the pasta for slightly less time than package instructions, then drain." .

<#step3>
    a schema:HowToStep ;
    schema:position 3 ;
    schema:name "Start sauce" ;
    schema:text "Melt butter, then cook garlic and mustard powder before stirring in flour." .

<#step4>
    a schema:HowToStep ;
    schema:position 4 ;
    schema:name "Add milk" ;
    schema:text "Gradually whisk in milk until the sauce is smooth." .

<#step5>
    a schema:HowToStep ;
    schema:position 5 ;
    schema:name "Add cheese" ;
    schema:text "Simmer until thickened, then stir in cheddar and half the parmesan." .

<#step6>
    a schema:HowToStep ;
    schema:position 6 ;
    schema:name "Assemble dish" ;
    schema:text "Mix pasta into sauce and transfer to an ovenproof baking dish." .

<#step7>
    a schema:HowToStep ;
    schema:position 7 ;
    schema:name "Bake" ;
    schema:text "Top with baguette chunks and parmesan, then bake until golden and crisp." .

<#nutrition>
    a schema:NutritionInformation ;
    schema:calories "720 calories" ;
    schema:fatContent "34 g" ;
    schema:proteinContent "32 g" ;
    schema:carbohydrateContent "68 g" ;
    schema:fiberContent "4 g" ;
    schema:sugarContent "8 g" ;
    schema:sodiumContent "780 mg" .

Invalid example

---

Compatibility

* [ ] Fully backwards compatible
* [ ] May cause new validation failures
* [ ] Breaking change

Explanation if needed.

---

Validation

* [ ] SHACL validation run
* [ ] Example data tested

Tools used:

---

Reviewer Checklist

* [ ] Immutability respected
* [ ] Targeting is correct
* [ ] Constraints justified
* [ ] Examples match expected behaviour

[jg10-mastodon-social]

In case it's useful, here's a previous attempt to describe how Umai uses recipe data. NoelDeMartin/umai#22

There were unresolved questions about how to use shape trees to express cross-resource and multi-shape relationships, but I understand that's out of scope here anyway.