docs(ai): update durable agents guide to use ToolLoopAgent by karthikscale3 · Pull Request #1975 · vercel/workflow

karthikscale3 · 2026-05-12T23:24:01Z

Summary

The AI SDK renamed Experimental_Agent to ToolLoopAgent (AI SDK docs). The "Building Durable AI Agents" page's "API Route" snippet was still using the old Experimental_Agent as Agent import.
Update both the v4 and v5 versions of docs/content/docs/.../ai/index.mdx to use ToolLoopAgent and to import the helpers the snippet actually relies on (UIMessage, convertToModelMessages, createUIMessageStreamResponse).
Drop the bare gateway(...) call (it was never imported in the snippet) and pass the model name as a string — matches how the workflow refactor below the snippet already references the same model.

Test plan

Visual check of /docs/ai and /v5/docs/ai in the docs app to confirm the "API Route" tab renders correctly.

The AI SDK renamed `Experimental_Agent` to `ToolLoopAgent`. Update the "Building Durable AI Agents" page's API route snippet (v4 and v5) so it matches the current AI SDK API. Co-authored-by: Cursor <[email protected]>

vercel · 2026-05-12T23:24:08Z

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changeset-bot · 2026-05-12T23:24:10Z

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github-actions · 2026-05-12T23:24:11Z

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1200	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1587	219	1806
✅ 📦 Local Production	1587	219	1806
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1587	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	129
✅ 📋 Other	727	176	903
Total	6817	1052	7869

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro	103	26
✅ example	103	26
✅ express	103	26
✅ fastify	103	26
✅ hono	103	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	2
✅ nitro	103	26
✅ nuxt	103	26
✅ sveltekit	122	7
✅ vite	103	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	25
✅ express-stable	104	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	25
✅ hono-stable	104	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	6
✅ vite-stable	104	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	25
✅ express-stable	104	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	25
✅ hono-stable	104	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	6
✅ vite-stable	104	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	25
✅ express-stable	104	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	25
✅ hono-stable	104	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	6
✅ vite-stable	104	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	104	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	104	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	104	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	103	26

📋 View full workflow run

github-actions · 2026-05-12T23:24:11Z

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.032s (-25.1% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.973s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.039s (-12.0% 🟢)	1.013s (+0.8%)	0.974s	10	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.046s (-51.4% 🟢)	1.013s (-2.9%)	0.967s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.051s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.960s	10	1.57x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.251s (+6.5% 🔺)	2.089s (-2.2%)	1.838s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.264s (+4.9%)	2.214s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.950s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.318s (-22.3% 🟢)	1.940s (-22.7% 🟢)	1.622s	10	1.27x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.056s (-6.2% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.950s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.069s (-5.5% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.936s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.080s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.929s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.083s (-5.0% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.926s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.564s (-23.2% 🟢)	3.326s (-13.2% 🟢)	1.762s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.597s (-14.8% 🟢)	3.276s (-14.0% 🟢)	1.679s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.683s (-56.8% 🟢)	3.225s (-45.4% 🟢)	1.542s	10	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.333s (-5.4% 🟢)	11.019s (~)	0.686s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.411s (-4.2%)	11.015s (~)	0.604s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.416s (-4.8%)	11.021s (~)	0.606s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.421s (-5.0%)	11.018s (~)	0.598s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	13.317s (-43.9% 🟢)	14.759s (-41.2% 🟢)	1.442s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.403s (-22.6% 🟢)	15.174s (-21.8% 🟢)	1.770s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.780s (-18.9% 🟢)	15.249s (-23.8% 🟢)	1.469s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.272s (-11.3% 🟢)	14.025s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.753s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.430s (-8.0% 🟢)	14.015s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.585s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.446s (-7.8% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.572s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.478s (-10.5% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.549s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.549s (-60.9% 🟢)	22.102s (-59.5% 🟢)	1.553s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.145s (-67.2% 🟢)	22.378s (-66.4% 🟢)	1.233s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	22.279s (-55.7% 🟢)	23.480s (-55.3% 🟢)	1.202s	3	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	11.482s (-30.8% 🟢)	12.020s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.538s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.840s (-15.2% 🟢)	12.018s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.178s	8	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.962s (-28.7% 🟢)	12.272s (-27.9% 🟢)	0.311s	8	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.012s (-14.2% 🟢)	12.518s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.506s	8	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	30.941s (-92.1% 🟢)	33.030s (-91.6% 🟢)	2.089s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	31.116s (-92.6% 🟢)	32.382s (-92.4% 🟢)	1.266s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	32.099s (-73.5% 🟢)	33.442s (-73.0% 🟢)	1.342s	3	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.142s (-23.3% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.863s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.155s (-8.4% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.853s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.156s (-9.3% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.851s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.186s (-27.3% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.820s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.606s (-23.3% 🟢)	3.813s (-22.7% 🟢)	1.208s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.627s (-6.8% 🟢)	4.192s (-3.0%)	1.565s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.655s (-7.2% 🟢)	3.987s (-13.8% 🟢)	1.332s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.227s (-47.8% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.780s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.235s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.771s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.588s (-46.2% 🟢)	2.012s (-41.8% 🟢)	0.424s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.814s (-42.3% 🟢)	2.074s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.259s	15	1.48x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.628s (-10.5% 🟢)	4.937s (-16.6% 🟢)	1.309s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.043s (+11.7% 🔺)	5.447s (+6.6% 🔺)	1.404s	6	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.426s (-37.7% 🟢)	5.741s (-35.5% 🟢)	1.315s	6	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.376s (-60.5% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.631s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.398s (-59.9% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.610s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	3.995s (-52.1% 🟢)	4.440s (-50.8% 🟢)	0.444s	7	2.90x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.201s (-37.7% 🟢)	5.680s (-37.0% 🟢)	0.479s	6	3.78x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.279s (+78.1% 🔺)	7.866s (+42.1% 🔺)	1.586s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.316s (-29.2% 🟢)	8.743s (-20.2% 🟢)	2.427s	4	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	310.000s (+7211.3% 🔺)	311.309s (+4980.9% 🔺)	1.309s	1	49.37x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.156s (-8.1% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.851s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.163s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.844s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.311s (-30.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-15.2% 🟢)	0.694s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.415s (-24.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.591s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.424s (-6.1% 🟢)	3.682s (-15.3% 🟢)	1.258s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.720s (-7.2% 🟢)	4.105s (-11.6% 🟢)	1.385s	8	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.921s (+18.8% 🔺)	4.303s (+3.2%)	1.382s	8	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.233s (-47.3% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.776s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.246s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.762s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.607s (-48.7% 🟢)	2.005s (-46.7% 🟢)	0.398s	15	1.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.027s (-33.9% 🟢)	2.508s (-35.5% 🟢)	0.481s	12	1.64x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.451s (+8.1% 🔺)	4.653s (-2.9%)	1.202s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.469s (+7.3% 🔺)	4.949s (-2.5%)	1.481s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.922s (+24.8% 🔺)	5.350s (+18.3% 🔺)	1.428s	7	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.361s (-61.1% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.646s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.389s (-60.1% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.618s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	4.514s (-48.7% 🟢)	5.009s (-46.0% 🟢)	0.495s	6	3.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.151s (-32.7% 🟢)	6.416s (-36.0% 🟢)	0.265s	5	4.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.985s (-2.1%)	6.539s (-4.1%)	1.554s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.327s (-21.2% 🟢)	7.167s (-16.1% 🟢)	1.840s	5	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.857s (-8.7% 🟢)	7.340s (-10.3% 🟢)	1.483s	5	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.427s (-49.1% 🟢)	1.007s (-1.6%)	0.579s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.443s (-46.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.562s	60	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	0.482s (-51.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.522s	60	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.501s (-48.9% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.503s	60	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.628s (-79.0% 🟢)	5.903s (-75.4% 🟢)	1.275s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.684s (-75.4% 🟢)	6.108s (-71.4% 🟢)	1.425s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.837s (-66.6% 🟢)	6.245s (-61.2% 🟢)	1.408s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.068s (-44.6% 🟢)	1.632s (-22.3% 🟢)	0.564s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.070s (-45.8% 🟢)	1.632s (-27.7% 🟢)	0.561s	56	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.198s (-60.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.808s	45	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.261s (-58.2% 🟢)	1.861s (-48.1% 🟢)	0.600s	49	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.040s (-69.5% 🟢)	13.447s (-67.4% 🟢)	1.407s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.286s (-64.4% 🟢)	13.549s (-63.2% 🟢)	1.262s	7	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.568s (-74.8% 🟢)	14.240s (-72.5% 🟢)	1.673s	7	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.042s (-48.8% 🟢)	2.529s (-42.1% 🟢)	0.487s	48	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.085s (-49.2% 🟢)	2.507s (-45.5% 🟢)	0.422s	48	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	2.449s (-73.4% 🟢)	3.031s (-69.7% 🟢)	0.583s	40	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.694s (-71.0% 🟢)	3.033s (-69.7% 🟢)	0.338s	40	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	35.904s (-72.4% 🟢)	37.491s (-71.6% 🟢)	1.586s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	37.602s (-61.2% 🟢)	39.556s (-59.8% 🟢)	1.953s	4	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	41.279s (-61.5% 🟢)	43.632s (-59.9% 🟢)	2.353s	3	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.187s (-33.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.818s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.199s (-29.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.807s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.376s (-32.9% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.627s	60	2.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.459s (-24.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.545s	60	2.45x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.956s (~)	3.457s (-4.9%)	1.502s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.222s (+9.8% 🔺)	3.755s (-1.0%)	1.533s	16	1.14x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.396s (+44.3% 🔺)	3.705s (+10.6% 🔺)	1.309s	17	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.313s (-37.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.693s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.317s (-37.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.689s	90	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.816s (-27.7% 🟢)	2.282s (-24.2% 🟢)	0.466s	40	5.81x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.253s (-11.2% 🟢)	2.945s (-2.1%)	0.692s	31	7.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	8.066s (+164.8% 🔺)	9.592s (+99.5% 🔺)	1.526s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	8.337s (+158.4% 🔺)	9.773s (+102.7% 🔺)	1.436s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.442s (+138.8% 🔺)	10.226s (+96.9% 🔺)	1.784s	9	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.640s (-19.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.366s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.659s (-19.5% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.347s	120	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	8.261s (-26.2% 🟢)	8.880s (-25.6% 🟢)	0.619s	14	12.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.202s (-8.8% 🟢)	10.696s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.494s	12	15.94x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.814s (+194.0% 🔺)	23.546s (+154.7% 🔺)	1.732s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.582s (+192.4% 🔺)	24.323s (+158.7% 🔺)	1.741s	6	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.654s (+119.3% 🔺)	24.409s (+98.7% 🔺)	1.755s	5	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks (includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.117s (+461.0% 🔺)	2.004s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.008s (-33.9% 🟢)	2.014s (+97.8% 🔺)	0.897s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.132s (+452.0% 🔺)	1.997s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.878s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.133s (+430.4% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (~)	2.020s (+98.3% 🔺)	0.886s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.138s (+454.9% 🔺)	1.999s (+100.1% 🔺)	0.002s (-6.3% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.872s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.114s (-15.6% 🟢)	2.867s (-29.9% 🟢)	1.784s (+85.7% 🔺)	5.054s (-9.6% 🟢)	2.941s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.237s (-67.4% 🟢)	3.117s (-64.0% 🟢)	1.698s (+168.8% 🔺)	5.218s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.981s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.257s (-41.1% 🟢)	2.848s (-46.0% 🟢)	2.076s (+179.8% 🔺)	5.375s (-17.1% 🟢)	3.118s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.418s (+87.3% 🔺)	2.008s (+95.2% 🔺)	0.008s (-16.4% 🟢)	2.017s (+94.0% 🔺)	0.599s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.505s (+141.2% 🔺)	2.004s (+99.1% 🔺)	0.004s (-9.7% 🟢)	2.024s (+97.9% 🔺)	0.519s	30	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.532s (+143.2% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.004s (+2.7%)	2.025s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.493s	30	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.714s (+104.3% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.009s (-2.0%)	2.202s (+97.3% 🔺)	0.488s	28	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.777s (-11.2% 🟢)	6.758s (-15.6% 🟢)	0.225s (-45.0% 🟢)	7.508s (-15.0% 🟢)	1.731s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.779s (-65.8% 🟢)	6.831s (-62.5% 🟢)	0.228s (+8.0% 🔺)	7.540s (-60.2% 🟢)	1.761s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.034s (-79.5% 🟢)	7.298s (-76.3% 🟢)	0.263s (+134.9% 🔺)	7.991s (-74.9% 🟢)	1.957s	8	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.678s (-30.1% 🟢)	1.048s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.000s (-15.8% 🟢)	1.060s (-15.7% 🟢)	0.383s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.712s (-25.9% 🟢)	1.048s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.060s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.349s	57	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.126s (-8.1% 🟢)	1.920s (-5.0%)	0.000s (-34.4% 🟢)	1.922s (-5.0%)	0.796s	32	1.66x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.352s (+10.5% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+300.0% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.665s	30	1.99x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.453s (-7.7% 🟢)	4.295s (-15.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-57.7% 🟢)	4.713s (-14.8% 🟢)	1.261s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.503s (+14.9% 🔺)	4.300s (-2.1%)	0.000s (~)	4.714s (-2.0%)	1.210s	13	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.538s (-65.3% 🟢)	4.531s (-60.7% 🟢)	0.015s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.014s (-58.4% 🟢)	1.476s	13	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.227s (-30.8% 🟢)	2.062s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.080s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.853s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.368s (-23.6% 🟢)	2.030s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+86.7% 🔺)	2.045s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.677s	30	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	2.460s (-29.1% 🟢)	2.924s (-27.5% 🟢)	0.000s (-46.4% 🟢)	2.935s (-27.3% 🟢)	0.475s	21	2.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.205s (-5.4% 🟢)	3.966s (-1.7%)	0.000s (-18.0% 🟢)	3.968s (-1.7%)	0.762s	16	2.61x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.200s (+13.4% 🔺)	6.293s (+4.5%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.738s (+4.3%)	1.538s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.278s (-6.0% 🟢)	6.521s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	6.948s (-7.8% 🟢)	1.670s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.366s (+31.1% 🔺)	6.434s (+19.7% 🔺)	0.000s (-18.5% 🟢)	6.868s (+18.5% 🔺)	1.502s	9	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	19/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13/21
▲ Vercel	Express	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	13/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	▲ Vercel	21/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	19/21

Column Definitions

Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

The AI SDK renamed `Experimental_Agent` to `ToolLoopAgent`. Update the "Building Durable AI Agents" page's API route snippet (v4 and v5) so it matches the current AI SDK API. Co-authored-by: Cursor <[email protected]> Signed-off-by: Karthik Kalyan <[email protected]>

github-actions · 2026-05-14T20:14:01Z

Backport PR opened against stable: #1990. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully.

…1990) The AI SDK renamed `Experimental_Agent` to `ToolLoopAgent`. Update the "Building Durable AI Agents" page's API route snippet (v4 and v5) so it matches the current AI SDK API. Signed-off-by: Karthik Kalyan <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Cursor <[email protected]>

karthikscale3 added 30 commits January 27, 2026 10:51

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docs(ai): update durable agents guide to use ToolLoopAgent

63775bf

The AI SDK renamed `Experimental_Agent` to `ToolLoopAgent`. Update the "Building Durable AI Agents" page's API route snippet (v4 and v5) so it matches the current AI SDK API. Co-authored-by: Cursor <[email protected]>

karthikscale3 requested a review from a team as a code owner May 12, 2026 23:24

karthikscale3 requested a review from cramforce May 12, 2026 23:24

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pranaygp approved these changes May 14, 2026

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pranaygp merged commit af45f79 into main May 14, 2026
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pranaygp deleted the karthik/fix-docs branch May 14, 2026 20:12

github-actions Bot mentioned this pull request May 14, 2026

Backport #1975: docs(ai): update durable agents guide to use ToolLoopAgent #1990

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Summary

Details by Category

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📊 Benchmark Results

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

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github-actions Bot commented May 14, 2026

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karthikscale3 commented May 12, 2026 •

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vercel Bot commented May 12, 2026 •

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github-actions Bot commented May 12, 2026 •

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github-actions Bot commented May 12, 2026 •

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